![]() The excess sulphur dioxide formed during the reaction is removed in another reaction tower.īasic chromium sulfate obtained is in liquid state, Basic chromium sulfate is spray dried to form a powder, which is later packed in bags and sold. ![]() The reaction is carried out in a steam-heated vessel. Treated solid waste is stored before safe disposal in hazardous landfill facility.Īs chromium (VI) is highly toxic, several sustainable methods are suggested to eliminate Basic chromium sulfate from effluent to provide cleaner and sustainable production environment in the industry.īasic chromium sulphate is produced from the simple reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by the addition of an excess of sulphur dioxide.Īnother reaction, based on the same mechanism as above, for the production of basic chromium sulphate industrially is: Leached residues and liquid wastes are treated with either ferrous sulfate or sodium sulfide to convert chromium (VI) to chromium (III) to provide sustainable technology. Profiles of basic chromium sulfate are obtained along the height of the tower by solving mathematical models of the reactive absorption process.Ĭhromium (VI) is 99% reduced to chromium (III) in the product. The overall efficiency of conversion in the tower is increased from 70% to 80% by operating the column at optimal operating conditions obtained using response surface method.ĭispersion is achieved by random packing that provides complex countercurrent flow path resulting in greater probability of entraining gas inside the tower. Improper reduction leads to the presence of unconverted chromium (VI) that imparts toxicity, not only through product basic-chromium- sulfate but also through leather and articles produced using this chemical.ĭesign and operating conditions of the packed bed absorber were found and effects of pH, temperature and concentration of SO2 on the performance of absorption were studied. The Cr2O3 content is 23.19% and a pH of 3.01, Basic chromium sulfate available in Dark green colour.įerrochromium and chromium based compounds are produced worldwide from chromite ore.Ĭhrome chemicals are from chromium based compounds.īasic-chromium-sulfate (BCS) is a chrome chemical mostly required as main tanning agent in chrome tanning process in leather industry and also to synthesize other chromic compounds.ĭuring the preparation of basic-chromium- sulfate, sodium dichromate containing chromium (VI) is reduced to chromium (III) by sulfur-di-oxide in a packed tower at a chemical process industry (B&M Chemicals, India) where the BCS is produced at suboptimal efficiency due to inefficient (suboptimal) absorption of sulfur-di-oxide (as the gas enters the tower at a higher temperature) followed by reaction. The Basic sodium sulfate is often left in the technical product since it is inert with respect to the tanning process.īasic chromium sulfate is important to fully reduce the hexavalent chromium to trivalent since the hexavalent is more likely to cause health problems for tanners and leather consumers.īasic chromium sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cr(OH)(SO4).īasic chromium sulfate is a green, odorless solid at room temperature.īasic chromium sulfate is typically sold in powder form.īasic chromium sulfate has high tanning power and hence largely used in the tanning of leather.īasic chromium sulfate is easily soluble in cold water and very soluble in hot water.Ĭhromium, particularly in the hexavalent oxidation state, is toxic, hence basic chromium sulfate, which is comparatively less toxic, is preferred in the leather industry.īasic Chromium Sulphate are the mixture of various form of Chromium Sulphates including containing Chromium Hyrdoxide sulphate form chiefly.īasic chromium sulfate is prepared by the reduction of Sodium Dichromate Solution in the presence of Sulphuric Acid or Sulfur dioxide. ![]() 42% or 50% may be obtained by the addition of sodium carbonate, these are often used in combination with sodium formate. Since 33% of the anion charges are due to hydroxy ions the basicity is 33% (but in tanning jargon it is known as 33% reduced). Basic Chromium Sulphate is used in dyeing of khaki cloth and in manufacture of chrome-based dyestuffs.īasic chromium sulfate is produced from chromate salts by reduction with sulfur dioxide, although other methods exist.
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